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But strict rules and changing lifestyles have led to lower growth rates. Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born is a girl. Many go to great lengths to ensure they have boys which officials believe is leading to a growing gender imbalance. Great movement of population from the rural interior to the cities in the east. In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030.$iZZ:Ethnic Issues " $$Han Chinese = >92% of the population of China, there are 55 other official ethnic groups. Most of the minority groups live in sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region - the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Although tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. 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Many go to great lengths to ensure they have boys which officials believe is leading to a growing gender imbalance. Great movement of population from the rural interior to the cities in the east. In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030.$iZZ:Ethnic Issues " $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. l--T--!->-, y Economy  0Since the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978, China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating and that should it falter the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom has, however, created new social and environmental problems. *1   P (  r  S Z   r  S Xp     S  p    h  C @AÌhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/3_3_416.gifMap of China showing where the country's different ethnic groups live  H  0޽h ? ̙33   $(   r  S 0   r  S \`  H  0޽h ? ̙33  xp(  r  S P     S    PF    gvZ  s *   NPY/   (P z  C RAÒhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/economy_gr416.gifGraphs showing GDP Annual Growth ratesand Global exporters and importersH  0޽h ? ̙33r$06:<$Ba( / 0DTimes New Roman^t\ )0tY 0 DVerdanaw Roman^t\ )0tY 0 " DArialaw Roman^ ! 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Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. l--T--!->-, y Economy  0Since the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978, China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating and that should it falter the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom has, however, created new social and environmental problems. *1  Poverty  8According to China > number of rural poor has fallen to 29 million people, from 85 million people in 1990. (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed - the urban poor. 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But strict rules and changing lifestyles have led to lower growth rates. Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born is a girl. Many go to great lengths to ensure they have boys which officials believe is leading to a growing gender imbalance. Great movement of population from the rural interior to the cities in the east. In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030."i:Ethnic Issues $ $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. l--T--!->-, y Economy , 0Since the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978, China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating and that should it falter the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom has, however, created new social and environmental problems. ,1  Poverty  8According to China > number of rural poor has fallen to 29 million people, from 85 million people in 1990. (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed - the urban poor. This is due in part to massive redundancies at state-run companies and migration to the cities. Economic boom has also led to a widening wealth gap, most acute between coastal and interior regions. The richest 20% of the population account for 50% of consumption, while the poorest 20% do not even reach 5%. 9Z9     Environment China's growth - with its increasing energy demands - has had a dramatic impact on the environment. The World Bank says 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in China, which is also blamed for some of the air pollution in Japan and Korea. China is the world's second biggest individual emitter of energy-related CO2 - but as a developing nation, it is not required by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce its emissions. Water concerns are also growing. Rivers in the north are drying up, a situation blamed in part on the overuse of river water and the preponderence of dams. Urbanisation, on the other hand, has exacerbated flooding in certain areas by reducing drainage. ,eB,dl     Social Change   Chinese society has undergone a transformation in recent years. More and more people are moving to the cities, giving up their traditional lifestyles. In many cities, skyscrapers dominate the skyline and Western brands fill smart new shopping centres. Take-up of mobile phones and computers has soared in recent years, and there are an estimated 90 million internet users, four times more than in 2000. But the modernisation of China also highlights a country of marked contrasts, with millions being left on the margins of the new prosperity. !Z!  H    (   r  S P   r  S D0   \  Ahttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/geography_map416.gifMap of Chinap   H  0޽h ? ̙33  @ (  r  S x70  7 r  S 7  7    Aðhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/population_gr416.gifGraphs showing population growth and projections and China's rural and urban populationp` w  H  0޽h ? ̙33  P (  r  S Z   r  S Xp     S  p    h  C @AÌhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/3_3_416.gifMap of China showing where the country's different ethnic groups live  H  0޽h ? ̙33   $(   r  S 0   r  S \`  H  0޽h ? ̙33  $$(  $r $ S    r $ S (  H $ 0޽h ? ̙33  ,$(  ,r , S  0 C ANhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/environment_gr416.gifGraphs showing CO2 emissions by region 0 C nAThttp://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/shared/img/o.gif FH 0 0޽h ? ̙33  4$(  4r 4 S  !P   r 4 S  0`  H 4 0޽h ? ̙33  OG 8(  8F    8 [j Z 8 s *  N   8  8 N7/  (  @   8H 8 C l 8 <ocioci 8 C Ahttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/7_416.jpg Composite of pictures showing contrasting aspects of modern China - people using mobile phones and people begging on the streetsP H 8 0޽h ? ̙33r8g`@}X>&  @ C`((Prsentation PowerPoint PopulationPrsentation Pow!$ !!$$.--erPointLiving StandardsPrsentation PowerPointWEALTH DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA6What will be the impact of China and Indias growth? Prsentation PowerPoint Polices utilisesModle de conception"System !-&TNPP & / 0DTimes New Roman_t\ )0tY 0 DVerdanaw Roman_t\ )0tY 0 " DArialaw Roman_t\ )0tY 0 " ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` D<<L       `b$w%^X#*T&YTb$G | \ n'YTb$@R*Q l.v͇|{A|b$BQ~V_WFM3YNb${J[ Fb$g.>)[)5Fb$c۳16A@|R$C=UkH[^]ܼc $@uʚ;2Nʚ;g4UdUd )0hppp@ <4!d!d 0$_<4dddd 0$_ VN___PPT90(!China and India  Geography $   <Area: 9,572,900 sq km = 3rd-largest country in the world Development shaped (form) by its geography (e. g., deserts, mountains and fertile river basins) Most of China's recent economic development > in the eastern coastal (ctier) provinces > rural interior has been left largely underdeveloped (sous-dvelopp)9 Z!ZaZZZKCDO  C  Population " $$  - Population: 1.3bn people > 1/5 of the world's population. But strict rules and changing lifestyles (mode de vie) have led to lower growth rates. - Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born (premier n) is a girl. Boys are preferred > potential future gender imbalance. - Great exodus from rural interior > cities in the east. - In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. Z ;? P  Ethnic Issues $ $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. v--T--_- , y Economy , hSince the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978 > China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating (devenir surchauff) and if this happens the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading (changes commerciaux) giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom (en plain essor) has, however, created new social and environmental problems.    n@t\ n @  Poverty  zAccording to China > number of rural poor has fallen from 85 million people in 1990 > to 29 million people (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed (les dshrits de la socite) - the urban poor. Why? > partly because of massive redundancies (licenciements) at state-run companies and migration to the cities Economic boom has also led to a widening wealth gap (dcalage), most acute between coastal and interior regions. > The richest 20% of the population account for 50% of consumption, while the poorest 20% do not even reach 5%. (nsq 2 ld/ D  l     Environment China's growth - with its increasing energy demands - has had a dramatic impact on the environment. The World Bank says 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in China, which is also blamed for some of the air pollution in Japan and Korea. China is the world's second biggest individual emitter of energy-related CO2 - but as a developing nation, it is not required by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce its emissions. Water concerns are also growing. Rivers in the north are drying up, a situation blamed in part on the overuse of river water and the preponderence of dams. Urbanisation, on the other hand, has exacerbated flooding in certain areas by reducing drainage. ,eB,dl     Social Change   - Chinese society has undergone a transformation in recent years. - More and more people are moving to the cities, giving up their traditional lifestyles. - In many cities > lots of skyscrapers, lots of smart new shopping centres > lots of mobile phones & computers > 90 million internet users (four times more than in 2000) - But the modernisation of China also highlights a country of marked contrasts > millions left on the margins of the new prosperity. ,   IndiaArea: more than 3.1m sq km  one of the world's biggest countries. India is South Asia's largest country It is also one of the most diverse. Apart from Hindi and English > 16 official languages. Major religions include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ruled by the British from the early 19th Century until 1947. It won its independence at the same time as partition and the creation of Pakistan. The two countries have since fought three wars - two of which were over the territory of Kashmir. Now in a process of rapid economic development > but has complex and enduring internal problems (e.g., the caste system). Challenges: massive overpopulation, poverty, environmental problems, corruption. ZZ  ) G*Dj 0(  r  S l4p  H  0޽h ? ̙33H  @ (   r  S ОP   r  S 0   \  Ahttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/geography_map416.gifMap of Chinap   H  0޽h ? ̙33  P (  r  S 0   r  S |      Aðhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/population_gr416.gifGraphs showing population growth and projections and China's rural and urban populationp` w  H  0޽h ? ̙33  ` (  r  S    r  S p     S p    h  C @AÌhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/img/3_3_416.gifMap of China showing where the country's different ethnic groups live  H  0޽h ? ̙33  p $(   r  S  0   r  S `  H  0޽h ? ̙33  $$(  $r $ S L   r $ S M  H $ 0޽h ? ̙33  ,$(  ,r , S | @   r , S ;    H , 0޽h ? ̙33  4$(  4r 4 S  P   r 4 S  ``0   H 4 0޽h ? ̙33  <$(  <r < S O   r < S     H < 0޽h ? ̙33r@Pg q ] I5 ɡ! 3( / 0DTimes New Roman_t\ )0tY 0 DVerdanaw Roman_t\ )0tY 0 " DArialaw Roman_t\ )0tY 0 " ` . ~¬_ѲC.[Ï4?d{ cg9 Ve#/㰄0}_$Y#*̊;L4$:'I;2" khEh&RÒ&Z.>o"&23R8FQ>΁e2J G{wM%u^¾'X0lBg6lwb#h9;F{¶iR X?4ɂ|cf%\񪍑D-rZ;&{ċEHm wذ88wya/'R pNvvL*|7"e/$Kc=K,Kkg &!vm &:qb1pٻQ(+A31y x @Ů4zˎN(%v Emq$%p'+)R{  u&_"\#jڂ{ĕJX"cea=&T/R@{}QfP&L,;Vn]qDWQ7:DAAdD=x`#zqn:-; KB ViR_qb1凭|x]*垤q\^(eM\ 7eGLkIrXj,Ë!bʏ.Z,ו(uD5ؾY¼|Mdl,5wp&x1Hu@ QM5_sdc#i[աB&egZ=dK1Vv@/ L#X ŰYq=aa:foX1[~̆c&жZPd]%_555#5{ q\"L<8cP.&,,]z+j݂, g L22#DYaZkPGۗE\kD~z -@-DD6u8Y#Ҏg=^i,/ah E,zEE5PKR@ŲȅN!V t?^`)0x=^$NKJ1(/C^(ԑ0///c23ؾZ4l/_nJ;x x PY3 U.3lKRe]D$[l ,vO2 yX&Iˣ5Y6q{6bo1oK "b%T.0 -̶co/ƞc&ZدW{^~ cyNw˽{Ns|*{5U+o|o^Kϳwq}{~s~Vᅯݵ76汴 ocټcMl>&?뵿1/rofcW7>NWXo~S%x0`6bW7>G92g#_aK_g}Xigp4> )|m6zbpZ43*bDBI]"fYI[@3z=NF`hĴ(Aߘى=б% B3Z) AP+^ 7YE. jLnb~7LP&P|,cݔ'Qa4L=~!0 ` ZE+Iݘ)BLZ*\<:ɶ"Y?rEzשFpĊe>GdIsA`òpUm>`}]``:K$9gO9x!ͬ3mj#Z?km狢}0N:[RE",oQ/PDqTLKB8'-}m/OCqF%x}UfBOE77‚^hy\ W#x|J-z.Lp\\sf]W,̞@u1=DUJRBVՁq\ZqFI*0#zk6 UQJ6,pgy"i3= CGJObt([iT3}UtE7hRJTXWyÁHfi/QXu6┼]PL86? $,KX4cQ(K 3lT9KȁKD F3^aZXⰂflIotV!n6zN )C²XVbER9KocJXF5/ :%`7(UB1\=l̵&ƒ^KE]Y'G/|~嬚Wr6gq5}cIENDB`nO6lK8RPNG  IHDR`PLTEff̸ffFFFُmdeeeppp333zzztcnnocgfywhe-tIbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712HsIDATx^] {<(H[曶>#Y?^k Ap\~A# 8s+|a|BݫOuM|=wAV>cSݤopQ?\ *wm֧1(NA|*) өpt· Mq4PG|~7QrS @n?" dd@  @@`` HW        b$w%^X#*T&YTb$G | \ n'YTb$@R*Q l.v͇|{A|b$BQ~V_WFM3YNb${J[ Fb$g.>)[)5Fb$c۳16A@|R$C=UkH[^]ܼb$8Wǰ+-ec $@uʚ;2Nʚ;g4UdUd )0hppp@ <4!d!d 0$_<4dddd 0$_ VN___PPT90(,China and India  Geography $   <Area: 9,572,900 sq km = 3rd-largest country in the world Development shaped (form) by its geography (e. g., deserts, mountains and fertile river basins) Most of China's recent economic development > in the eastern coastal (ctier) provinces > rural interior has been left largely underdeveloped (sous-dvelopp)9 Z!ZaZZZKCDO  C  Population " $$  - Population: 1.3bn people > 1/5 of the world's population. But strict rules and changing lifestyles (mode de vie) have led to lower growth rates. - Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born (premier n) is a girl. Boys are preferred > potential future gender imbalance. - Great exodus from rural interior > cities in the east. - In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. Z ;? P  Ethnic Issues $ $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. v--T--_- , y Economy , hSince the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978 > China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating (devenir surchauff) and if this happens the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading (changes commerciaux) giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom (en plain essor) has, however, created new social and environmental problems.    n@t\ n @  Poverty  zAccording to China > number of rural poor has fallen from 85 million people in 1990 > to 29 million people (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed (les dshrits de la socite) - the urban poor. Why? > partly because of massive redundancies (licenciements) at state-run companies and migration to the cities Economic boom has also led to a widening wealth gap (dcalage), most acute between coastal and interior regions. > The richest 20% of the population account for 50% of consumption, while the poorest 20% do not even reach 5%. (nsq 2 ld/ D  l     Environment China's growth - with its increasing energy demands - has had a dramatic impact on the environment. The World Bank says 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in China, which is also blamed for some of the air pollution in Japan and Korea. China is the world's second biggest individual emitter of energy-related CO2 - but as a developing nation, it is not required by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce its emissions. Water concerns are also growing. Rivers in the north are drying up, a situation blamed in part on the overuse of river water and the preponderence of dams. Urbanisation, on the other hand, has exacerbated flooding in certain areas by reducing drainage. ,eB,dl     Social Change   - Chinese society has undergone a transformation in recent years. - More and more people are moving to the cities, giving up their traditional lifestyles. - In many cities > lots of skyscrapers, lots of smart new shopping centres > lots of mobile phones & computers > 90 million internet users (four times more than in 2000) - But the modernisation of China also highlights a country of marked contrasts > millions left on the margins of the new prosperity. ,   IndiaArea: more than 3.1m sq km  one of the world's biggest countries. India is South Asia's largest country It is also one of the most diverse. Apart from Hindi and English > 16 official languages. Major religions include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ruled by the British from the early 19th Century until 1947. It won its independence at the same time as partition and the creation of Pakistan. The two countries have since fought three wars - two of which were over the territory of Kashmir. Now in a process of rapid economic development > but has complex and enduring internal problems (e.g., the caste system). Challenges: massive overpopulation, poverty, environmental problems, corruption. ZZ  ) G THE ECONOMY India has become a world economic power > growth over the past three years averaging 8% (similar to China) > in terms of purchasing power parity > India now the world's fourth largest economy India opened up to the outside world in the late 1980s > has become increasingly attractive to foreign investors. Why? low costs & huge, English-speaking, workforce (popular with multinationals - manufacturing and call centres Success of hi-tech industries > large numbers of overseas Indians returning > "brain gain > they are part of growing middle class (potentially very big domestic market!) Critics > benefits of this growth have not reached the poor quickly enough > millions still in abject poverty. Income per head is just US$720 (365) a year. Bureaucratic red tape and infrastructure problems are continuing issues. ~ ZZZzZ   Population [India > expected to overtake China to become the world's most populous country within the next 25 years Its population has grown from 357 million in 1950, to 1.1 billion today. By 2030 it is expected to be home to 1.6 billion people, compared with China's 1.4 billion Why? High birth rate & increasing life expectancy In 2000 > a minority of the population was over 60 > but by 2050 there will be lots of retired people > this raises questions about how they will be supported > less than 10% have pensions More than 65% of people live in rural areas, but migration to the cities is accelerating fh4 Z\j  D(  Dr D S   H D 0޽h ? ̙33   @.(  @F  4 @ T @ c $ T @ c $ 4L @ c $=   @ TA Nhttp://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42472000/gif/_42472151_econs_spend_power_203gr.gifWorld's largest economies based on PPP ,H @ 0޽h ? ̙33  H$(  Hr H S    r H S `  H H 0޽h ? ̙33r0i&8( / 0DTimes New Roman_t\ )0tY 0 DVerdanaw Romp*W@_?*|ƣnҷcp;.{(s(q1rRRTRϳ.8Ӂʨj RL1CT3ՍO a) z תl G}BYr9Á)U@q*kBk!c|:5J%vD'*~'bQW1b=/ӡ Ui >b6VT>QKʤI A+R(-KN)?PDOPnXPEx<6ldBE4T~$/=hs4/jh*`)*UbEM= 6\b=:/EØB5hZ ߉sQƨ 驊+"Nm|>HT[tTK- Vn‹z b.\#ߦBQq PF 'Xaij nzfCFHtS VnSA=Fsq1yvr2"wNCi*1\3TXu1H!aKV chz *O 4V"x8H3(C}\4k:\ hISadLTP"Pv9geRAJ쎯kMܢ-h!P4`TYL>ax mErYlN1}L>uSywXWVDa%bI""jO,p0ϧa) :}-3g[Ac~i/mc+a OP W`k^;墍1!,>ƕt!g~&kXOoGLC ymOXVRy?QKx?JPާ-Mx?(3_Y.2IG0G DŽyvG\Ϸw9rƻ3ҿq/X|m%">C +4~SmOXΰ!cc]^QWX`wSD# "Ӳr$AӔ?hҲ}rl.Ķ}G1mﳩo^a /}Gm8V¼od/(1}m0#ɶ¼o}}m3C{#,g`y`1_,/-P{_}; dg,4oĿ?wT0K|‚9K}Dx.Jr yÌOGm@=㾷)a{_X>y~8o}s{|pOv0~X ¼o#GXϼ5=˅y>ȿ\xi }_X8&77aXx܅x/zTBA|ƿdXm6Ф1"W}´g,g0Eؿ\xR_m|r >߯1'r >wԿ à>g(f~82HǾ{K}M06\i9}{y7-^dN]c!7}k{yg,oa/{"ߏcc%?R}%է0b8X~)4\=:#,Gu:Ǽ$,-rw[cxO|!G[{X:eߴ溽O,P\},k} zy:s|㕘[1ʏe}IEv)3◧e_~_eilhXqv ExOh >i>0}gsOEx_7"ox~/?itM?69̼Km9P͕ӗ|,|c#bVQm ;A%Zhk}oX($_;غXf a{?)"{GX>`Bt7wcsd/}e\mxL~Z+n>+㗾Uo&&H75`&y;뻑wEx߲_{}c;¼o};}`a޷wxy08&߇\ֱWbx3g2=l[* ˯Gdى|Tk`O?eNxZONl\w)knssJ%w]^9$_Wr8f]|[_ y_{ e:߾B)1>si5 ~>Mgy_6 xOr_U;vWϯoqppitG'g&ue#,>c_hXI>\y{<2^\ X1 "o95lH_sczrv?y׫nO\,Z\{ Oҧ|7jV&'qcu\G/=bw!Ջ@3@!Y7G')IL.8N9/>B$fd57>Iy~܃/vr@>$$_: {i3r])H"I*/q\pݫ~̋O(Aiڴ\v/ͼY)Դk#לcƱ_m/qCr d},vEu%쪽 ou-&7iR+ }cQq|{3)cu4{&KXaU-*pXPM.aw)IwXbRAL#U^M \0_J^dD7.`X@)AWe6U ͌`‚MkK (7XHhrM9UH 9Uϻ}[X޿]=⣱U*jc8v'89z{2l@!VD/X>266NM.oJ8>efcQx&" RGV.M.KZ{ `S+?,o{PV\ò$N8C{s`FEL jB5Jk@Bc66fRro_Ţ(gbo:pŜ\4}}+s\2eEx" 7|¼o"\a[i^" xE@orxxE@orxy߬MP>Jʪ4ϕ_ll۴9%)f1~Ym_kX,yYf5,.s"61{rq +9YΑ_-3:\perPglcgQ"\8X4F ˑCނ"3{ KH#sz傽!_ޱ~߹ۀc!PC`Y)znOn\3FR['X̼}߰щ7,g7wXuA\aa׹~/N>`Ex7 1y__hҞ%9rl=}FX̕ec,4ow tK+r^+{ {[c#.a!\}, K rq/m}.`O᪷)-/~N޼}~`/PpZ,_0{ x ~}}}'"oJ,ؿywî%y~)_}xm --/X)yX`Aʿ mE#re}p0`X$y 3g-~ Laa >ڿchcނDDzG~ӮIYϿ+A|+N& h[{^ hXG{ (wX{ h{;,oa^lm?ǐ!\oI>xߐ/>oyȴ ~j6}"}}}ga޷[{e?xݹ"gp:=6Ȼv{q{lCm>&>퍾\d0mlf?K6S}pm+{q,gr1od? 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WQh4BAh ȼ+GEKgkQR U=)p}:6# 4B xVj tO ,p Ao$dqT_\V?ȃ|rfJdRyʑ;|'KU^(^GqYRg\<:-.gc̑ U٤FԖX'Puh@&J9臹,oCD+Zy}UnI(΅Ň9 rɣ(W(>riˢ\KT#.{|ר0 ,°]<ֈ5NBv飨,bR7y!$v 4 sGQ>/˼r飸FiY\1e}ģ8W&eɣIIIY1@4q2d}YGpT1/`er@9(n3ɶFdl= BigB={4LJNp]BAI'ݑY x*.zlJo"yQ zcZ>riˢEjB AqÄ]"L^}ĹQMlЫr5a.}4/+ @?f$o$dyŹ(c&X,iY(%-;HBk+.he @Q#ʥfJHI|tJ+V X)pv\M3X_L bYӣR>>}ᤌA دخ~"E0 (0=HV]x ҲJ0L]PDIH3#sGqBCr堇ChmJRgCT~ =ԏg6$pQ}Lc6mHGo~BYq;NڵF@Q6׌ƦY4Ņk.o cݗ XX,'D{St @\ERe:H傍Wlu 5$?e6+7Zbgύ(wJV7BvY- .2jEmu9&Y>Qb9۪Dc'ok*=yAe&u ^CEQYn3Z=9S,rjB@Mq"Hf_J% bqP]6Y:肴Tڅl(Z^ VvB鸚tcd NiM5{Nwdy &0FwEi(`+. 8(:zy^CY$FJp}oeXFƦlW墪:QZ h3[_c/d1yh$ˊt;z'0K z8VB?J֗Z0}uX -Fv I3u[R{3xQ &uo2(8PH+: ":K̍YMD@߰פ F 28e)Q$JA\6X>)@\U:ɁGVt U!9lɠaRmГ UH.Nn`)KaYB 4 #U7Z:C`k vzI %0 .3S5 cr墜^ (I͆bU 9,-0N)!$JVZIHѨWT-%٤_y,bM-k*-VF HHؤ' X#0G(¬$ok F)AI-`RF ZM" …`}>' P4ss"n+t@ϥ0RFqK?svR~80:/-FvI6E ƞv E&bP*B4Xb2`YqЉC줆/O$gg_:ˌX"IENDB`an_t\ )0tY 0 " DArialaw Roman_t\ )0tY 0 " ` .  @n?" dd@  @@``  \f         b$w%^X#*T&YTb$G | \ n'YTb$@R*Q l.v͇|{A|b$BQ~V_WFM3YNb${J[ Fb$g.>)[)5Fb$c۳16A@|R$C=UkH[^]ܼb$8Wǰ+-eb$O6lK8Rp,b$d9}Dnp~LO7!Kc $@uʚ;2Nʚ;g4UdUd )0hppp@ <4!d!d 0$_<4dddd 0$_ VN___PPT90(_1China and India  Geography $   <Area: 9,572,900 sq km = 3rd-largest country in the world Development shaped (form) by its geography (e. g., deserts, mountains and fertile river basins) Most of China's recent economic development > in the eastern coastal (ctier) provinces > rural interior has been left largely underdeveloped (sous-dvelopp)9 Z!ZaZZZKCDO  C  Population " $$  - Population: 1.3bn people > 1/5 of the world's population. But strict rules and changing lifestyles (mode de vie) have led to lower growth rates. - Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born (premier n) is a girl. Boys are preferred > potential future gender imbalance. - Great exodus from rural interior > cities in the east. - In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. Z ;? P  Ethnic Issues $ $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. v--T--_- , y Economy , hSince the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978 > China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating (devenir surchauff) and if this happens the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading (changes commerciaux) giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom (en plain essor) has, however, created new social and environmental problems.    n@t\ n @  Poverty  zAccording to China > number of rural poor has fallen from 85 million people in 1990 > to 29 million people (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed (les dshrits de la socite) - the urban poor. Why? > partly because of massive redundancies (licenciements) at state-run companies and migration to the cities Economic boom has also led to a widening wealth gap (dcalage), most acute between coastal and interior regions. > The richest 20% of the population account for 50% of consumption, while the poorest 20% do not even reach 5%. (nsq 2 ld/ D  l     Environment China's growth - with its increasing energy demands - has had a dramatic impact on the environment. The World Bank says 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in China, which is also blamed for some of the air pollution in Japan and Korea. China is the world's second biggest individual emitter of energy-related CO2 - but as a developing nation, it is not required by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce its emissions. Water concerns are also growing. Rivers in the north are drying up, a situation blamed in part on the overuse of river water and the preponderence of dams. Urbanisation, on the other hand, has exacerbated flooding in certain areas by reducing drainage. ,eB,dl     Social Change   - Chinese society has undergone a transformation in recent years. - More and more people are moving to the cities, giving up their traditional lifestyles. - In many cities > lots of skyscrapers, lots of smart new shopping centres > lots of mobile phones & computers > 90 million internet users (four times more than in 2000) - But the modernisation of China also highlights a country of marked contrasts > millions left on the margins of the new prosperity. ,   IndiaArea: more than 3.1m sq km  one of the world's biggest countries. India is South Asia's largest country It is also one of the most diverse. Apart from Hindi and English > 16 official languages. Major religions include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ruled by the British from the early 19th Century until 1947. It won its independence at the same time as partition and the creation of Pakistan. The two countries have since fought three wars - two of which were over the territory of Kashmir. Now in a process of rapid economic development > but has complex and enduring internal problems (e.g., the caste system). Challenges: massive overpopulation, poverty, environmental problems, corruption. ZZ  ) G THE ECONOMY India has become a world economic power > growth over the past three years averaging 8% (similar to China) > in terms of purchasing power parity > India now the world's fourth largest economy India opened up to the outside world in the late 1980s > has become increasingly attractive to foreign investors. Why? low costs & huge, English-speaking, workforce (popular with multinationals - manufacturing and call centres Success of hi-tech industries > large numbers of overseas Indians returning > "brain gain > they are part of growing middle class (potentially very big domestic market!) Critics > benefits of this growth have not reached the poor quickly enough > millions still in abject poverty. Income per head is just US$720 (365) a year. Bureaucratic red tape and infrastructure problems are continuing issues. ~ ZZZzZ   Population [India > expected to overtake China to become the world's most populous country within the next 25 years Its population has grown from 357 million in 1950, to 1.1 billion today. By 2030 it is expected to be home to 1.6 billion people, compared with China's 1.4 billion Why? High birth rate & increasing life expectancy In 2000 > a minority of the population was over 60 > but by 2050 there will be lots of retired people > this raises questions about how they will be supported > less than 10% have pensions More than 65% of people live in rural areas, but migration to the cities is accelerating fh4 Z\   9Despite its burgeoning economy, the gap between rich and poor in India is vast. About 35% of people live on less than US$1 a day. Poverty is at its worst in rural areas and is often accompanied by high levels of illiteracy and poor health. Nationally, almost half of children suffer from malnourishment, although infant mortality rates have declined. Almost 60% of people in towns and 20% in rural areas do not have access to proper sanitation. Despite such problems, India has seen overall poverty decline - a shift which has been accompanied by more general improvements to living standards. Life expectancy rose from 59 to 63 between 1990 and 2004. Adult literacy rose from 50% to 61% over the same period. It is suggested that continued economic growth will drive up living standards for the population as a whole. &9ZZ:      LH(  L  L C A &http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42452000/gif/_42452547_pop_pyramids203x206.gifPopulation pyramidp H L 0޽h ? ̙33  0P^(  PF  4 P pT P c $ T P c $ 4 P C A $http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42466000/gif/_42466095_pop_2growth_graph416x204.gifPopulation growth`0: H P 0޽h ? ̙33  @T$(  Tr T S -P  r r T S g  H T 0޽h ? ̙33   `\M(  \r \ S rP  r  \ 6)r  5WEALTH DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA Top 1%: 16% of wealth Top 5%: 38% of wealth Top 10%: 53% of wealth Bottom 80%: 30% of wealth Bottom 50%: 8% of wealth Bottom 20%: 1% of wealth Bottom 10% 0.2% of wealth Source: University of Western Ontario, 2006   '" '" '" '" '" '" '" '" ,'H \ 0޽h ? ̙33  @8PX(  X X 6Xr 20ZH X 0޽h ? ̙33r 6PdStUXZ^3`!9(L / 0DTimes New Roman_t\ )0tY 0 DVerdanaw Roman_t\ )0tY 0 " DArialaw Roman_t\ )0tY 0 " ` .  @n?" dd@  @@``  hr         b$w%^X#*T&YTb$G | \ n'YTb$@R*Q l.v͇|{A|b$BQ~V_WFM3YNb${J[ Fb$g.>)[)5Fb$c۳16A@|R$C=UkH[^]ܼb$8Wǰ+-eb$O6lK8Rp,b$d9}Dnp~LO7!Kc $@uʚ;2Nʚ;g4UdUd )0hppp@ <4!d!d 0$_<4dddd 0$_ VN___PPT90(B2China and India  Geography $   <Area: 9,572,900 sq km = 3rd-largest country in the world Development shaped (form) by its geography (e. g., deserts, mountains and fertile river basins) Most of China's recent economic development > in the eastern coastal (ctier) provinces > rural interior has been left largely underdeveloped (sous-dvelopp)9 Z!ZaZZZKCDO  C  Population " $$  - Population: 1.3bn people > 1/5 of the world's population. But strict rules and changing lifestyles (mode de vie) have led to lower growth rates. - Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born (premier n) is a girl. Boys are preferred > potential future gender imbalance. - Great exodus from rural interior > cities in the east. - In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. Z ;? P  Ethnic Issues $ $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. v--T--_-       !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\, y Economy , hSince the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978 > China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating (devenir surchauff) and if this happens the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading (changes commerciaux) giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom (en plain essor) has, however, created new social and environmental problems.    n@t\ n @  Poverty  zAccording to China > number of rural poor has fallen from 85 million people in 1990 > to 29 million people (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed (les dshrits de la socite) - the urban poor. Why? > partly because of massive redundancies (licenciements) at state-run companies and migration to the cities Economic boom has also led to a widening wealth gap (dcalage), most acute between coastal and interior regions. > The richest 20% of the population account for 50% of consumption, while the poorest 20% do not even reach 5%. (nsq 2 ld/ D  l     Environment China's growth - with its increasing energy demands - has had a dramatic impact on the environment. The World Bank says 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in China, which is also blamed for some of the air pollution in Japan and Korea. China is the world's second biggest individual emitter of energy-related CO2 - but as a developing nation, it is not required by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce its emissions. Water concerns are also growing. Rivers in the north are drying up, a situation blamed in part on the overuse of river water and the preponderance of dams. Urbanisation, on the other hand, has exacerbated flooding in certain areas by reducing drainage. ,eBdC     Social Change   - Chinese society has undergone a transformation in recent years. - More and more people are moving to the cities, giving up their traditional lifestyles. - In many cities > lots of skyscrapers, lots of smart new shopping centres > lots of mobile phones & computers > 90 million internet users (four times more than in 2000) - But the modernisation of China also highlights a country of marked contrasts > millions left on the margins of the new prosperity. ,   IndiaArea: more than 3.1m sq km  one of the world's biggest countries. India is South Asia's largest country It is also one of the most diverse. Apart from Hindi and English > 16 official languages. Major religions include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ruled by the British from the early 19th Century until 1947. It won its independence at the same time as partition and the creation of Pakistan. The two countries have since fought three wars - two of which were over the territory of Kashmir. Now in a process of rapid economic development > but has complex and enduring internal problems (e.g., the caste system). Challenges: massive overpopulation, poverty, environmental problems, corruption. ZZ  ) G The Economy India has become a world economic power > growth over the past three years averaging 8% (similar to China) > in terms of purchasing power parity > India now the world's fourth largest economy India opened up to the outside world in the late 1980s > has become increasingly attractive to foreign investors. Why? low costs & huge, English-speaking, workforce (popular with multinationals - manufacturing and call centres Success of hi-tech industries > large numbers of overseas Indians returning > "brain gain > they are part of growing middle class (potentially very big domestic market!) Critics > benefits of this growth have not reached the poor quickly enough > millions still in abject poverty. Income per head is just US$720 (365) a year. Bureaucratic red tape and infrastructure problems are continuing issues. ~ ZZZzZ   Population [India > expected to overtake China to become the world's most populous country within the next 25 years Its population has grown from 357 million in 1950, to 1.1 billion today. By 2030 it is expected to be home to 1.6 billion people, compared with China's 1.4 billion Why? High birth rate & increasing life expectancy In 2000 > a minority of the population was over 60 > but by 2050 there will be lots of retired people > this raises questions about how they will be supported > less than 10% have pensions More than 65% of people live in rural areas, but migration to the cities is accelerating fh4 Z\ Living Standards8 rDespite its burgeoning economy, the gap between rich and poor in India is vast 35% of people > live on less than US$1 a day. Poverty is at its worst in rural areas > often accompanied illiteracy & poor health Almost half of children suffer from malnourishment Despite such problems > overall poverty decline - a shift which has been accompanied by more general improvements to living standards Life expectancy rose from 59 to 63 between 1990 and 2004. Adult literacy rose from 50% to 61% over the same period. It is suggested that continued economic growth will drive up living standards for the population as a whole ZZZZ$m k WEALTH DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA' * Information adapted from the BBC website"+) h8(  h h 04 @7   >*  h 0Pt z 7  @*  h 6r @L   >*  h 6 z L  @* H h 09gĖ ? ̙33  ,$(  ,r , S @   r , S $  H , 0޽h ? ̙33j  D(  Dr D S `{  H D 0޽h ? ̙33   H$(  Hr H S l   r H S (`  H H 0޽h ? ̙33  PT$(  Tr T S p   r T S   H T 0޽h ? ̙33   \G(  \r \ S $P    \ 6hp  /Top 1%: 16% of wealth Top 5%: 38% of wealth Top 10%: 53% of wealth Bottom 80%: 30% of wealth Bottom 50%: 8% of wealth Bottom 20%: 1% of wealth Bottom 10% 0.2% of wealth Source: University of Western Ontario, 2006  '" '" '" '" '" '" '" ,',Ck.H \ 0޽h ? ̙33j  p`(  `r ` S T  H ` 0޽h ? ̙33r8` t Ң ͨ[`?T@(L / 0DTimes New Roman`t\ )0tY 0DVerdanaw Roman`t\ )0tY 0 " DArialaw Roman`t\ )0tY 0 " ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( pu        b$w%^X#*T&YTb$G | \ n'YTb$@R*Q l.v͇|{A|b$BQ~V_WFM3YNb${J[ Fb$g.>)[)5Fb$c۳16A@|R$C=UkH[^]ܼb$8Wǰ+-eb$O6lK8Rp,b$d9}Dnp~LO7!Kc $@uʚ;2Nʚ;g4UdUd )0hppp@ <4!d!d 0$a<4dddd 0$a VN___PPT90(m9*China and India: The Great Debate Lesson!++  Geography $   <Area: 9,572,900 sq km = 3rd-largest country in the world Development shaped (form) by its geography (e. g., deserts, mountains and fertile river basins) Most of China's recent economic development > in the eastern coastal (ctier) provinces > rural interior has been left largely underdeveloped (sous-dvelopp)9 Z!ZaZZZKCDO  C  Population " $$  - Population: 1.3bn people > 1/5 of the world's population. But strict rules and changing lifestyles (mode de vie) have led to lower growth rates. - Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born (premier n) is a girl. Boys are preferred > potential future gender imbalance. - Great exodus from rural interior > cities in the east. - In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. Z ;? P  Ethnic Issues $ $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. v--T--_- , y Economy , hSince the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978 > China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating (devenir surchauff) and if this happens the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading (changes commerciaux) giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom (en plain essor) has, however, created new social and environmental problems.    n@t\ n @  Poverty  zAccording to China > number of rural poor has fallen from 85 million people in 1990 > to 29 million people (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed (les dshrits de la socite) - the urban poor. Why? > partly because of massive redundancies (licenciements) at state-run companies and migration to the cities Economic boom has also led to a widening wealth gap (dcalage), most acute between coastal and interior regions. > The richest 20% of the population account for 50% of consumption, while the poorest 20% do not even reach 5%. (nsq 2 ld/ D  l     Environment China's growth - with its increasing energy demands - has had a dramatic impact on the environment. The World Bank says 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in China, which is also blamed for some of the air pollution in Japan and Korea. China is the world's second biggest individual emitter of energy-related CO2 - but as a developing nation, it is not required by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce its emissions. Water concerns are also growing. Rivers in the north are drying up, a situation blamed in part on the overuse of river water and the preponderance of dams. Urbanisation, on the other hand, has exacerbated flooding in certain areas by reducing drainage. ,eBdC     Social Change   - Chinese society has undergone a transformation in recent years. - More and more people are moving to the cities, giving up their traditional lifestyles. - In many cities > lots of skyscrapers, lots of smart new shopping centres > lots of mobile phones & computers > 90 million internet users (four times more than in 2000) - But the modernisation of China also highlights a country of marked contrasts > millions left on the margins of the new prosperity. ,   IndiaArea: more than 3.1m sq km  one of the world's biggest countries. India is South Asia's largest country It is also one of the most diverse. Apart from Hindi and English > 16 official languages. Major religions include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ruled by the British from the early 19th Century until 1947. It won its independence at the same time as partition and the creation of Pakistan. The two countries have since fought three wars - two of which were over the territory of Kashmir. Now in a process of rapid economic development > but has complex and enduring internal problems (e.g., the caste system). Challenges: massive overpopulation, poverty, environmental problems, corruption. ZZ  ) G The Economy India has become a world economic power > growth over the past three years averaging 8% (similar to China) > in terms of purchasing power parity > India now the world's fourth largest economy India opened up to the outside world in the late 1980s > has become increasingly attractive to foreign investors. Why? low costs & huge, English-speaking, workforce (popular with multinationals - manufacturing and call centres Success of hi-tech industries > large numbers of overseas Indians returning > "brain gain > they are part of growing middle class (potentially very big domestic market!) Critics > benefits of this growth have not reached the poor quickly enough > millions still in abject poverty. Income per head is just US$720 (365) a year. Bureaucratic red tape and infrastructure problems are continuing issues. ~ ZZZzZ   Population [India > expected to overtake China to become the world's most populous country within the next 25 years Its population has grown from 357 million in 1950, to 1.1 billion today. By 2030 it is expected to be home to 1.6 billion people, compared with China's 1.4 billion Why? High birth rate & increasing life expectancy In 2000 > a minority of the population was over 60 > but by 2050 there will be lots of retired people > this raises questions about how they will be supported > less than 10% have pensions More than 65% of people live in rural areas, but migration to the cities is accelerating fh4 Z\ Living Standards8 rDespite its burgeoning economy, the gap between rich and poor in India is vast 35% of people > live on less than US$1 a day. Poverty is at its worst in rural areas > often accompanied illiteracy & poor health Almost half of children suffer from malnourishment Despite such problems > overall poverty decline - a shift which has been accompanied by more general improvements to living standards Life expectancy rose from 59 to 63 between 1990 and 2004. Adult literacy rose from 50% to 61% over the same period. It is suggested that continued economic growth will drive up living standards for the population as a whole ZZZZ$m k WEALTH DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA'jWhat will be the impact of China and India s growth? 66  What does India and China s growth mean for them? China is set to become the world s biggest economy by 2026 according to a poll conducted on behalf of the BBC. And India is poised (positionn) to take over 4th place behind the US and Japan. India s infrastructure and scarcity of resources were seen as putting it at a disadvantage to China. - What will the future hold for China and India? - Is China becoming too powerful? - Or do you welcome its growth? - What impact will China and India s economic growth have on the world stage? - How can both countries close the gap between the haves and the have nots? tZZ3C   " $8   * Information adapted from the BBC website"+)j  (  r  S Lp  H  0޽h ? ̙33  pl$(  lr l S NP   r l S pj  H l 0޽h ? ̙33rq]h@(L / 0DTimes New Roman^t\ )0tY 0DVerdanaw Roman^t\ )0tY 0 " DArialaw Roman^t\ )0tY 0 " ` .Titres des diapositives  @n?" dd@  @@`` 0(t|          b$w%^X#*T&YTb$G | \ n'YTb$@R*Q l.v͇|{A|b$BQ~V_WFM3YNb${J[ Fb$g.>)[)5Fb$c۳16A@|R$C=UkH[^]ܼb$8Wǰ+-eb$O6lK8Rp,b$d9}Dnp~LO7!Kc $@uʚ;2Nʚ;g4UdUd )0hppp@ <4!d!d 0$_<4dddd 0$_ VN___PPT90(y9*China and India: The Great Debate Lesson!++  Geography $   <Area: 9,572,900 sq km = 3rd-largest country in the world Development shaped (form) by its geography (e. g., deserts, mountains and fertile river basins) Most of China's recent economic development > in the eastern coastal (ctier) provinces > rural interior has been left largely underdeveloped (sous-dvelopp)9 Z!ZaZZZKCJO  C  Population " $$  - Population: 1.3bn people > 1/5 of the world's population. But strict rules and changing lifestyles (mode de vie) have led to lower growth rates. - Most urban couples > "One Child" policy. Rural families > allowed a second child if their first-born (premier n) is a girl. Boys are preferred > potential future gender imbalance. - Great exodus from rural interior > cities in the east. - In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total - it is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. Z ;? P  Ethnic Issues $ $$2- The Han Chinese make up over 92% of the population of China, There are 55 other official ethnic groups. - Most of the minority groups live in Sparsely populated border areas. Beijing faces two separatist conflicts in the western region  the Tibetans in Tibet and the Uighur in Xinjiang. Tensions between other minority groups and the majority Han have mostly been hidden they have always been sensitive. v--T--_- , y Economy , hSince the communist regime decided to open up to foreign investment in 1978 > China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and is among its 10 largest. But, with growth rates over 10%, some experts warn the Chinese economy may be overheating (devenir surchauff) and if this happens the rest of the world could suffer. In recent years, China has also become a trading (changes commerciaux) giant - it is the world's fifth largest exporter of merchandise after the US, Germany, Japan, and France. The economic boom (en plain essor) has, however, created new social and environmental problems.    n@t\ n @  Poverty  zAccording to China > number of rural poor has fallen from 85 million people in 1990 > to 29 million people (But, the way China measures poverty is disputed and the World Bank says it is much higher) Emergence of a new class of dispossessed (les dshrits de la socite) - the urban poor. Why? > partly because of massive redundancies (licenciements) at state-run companies and migration to the cities Economic boom has also led to a widening wealth gap (dcalage), most acute between coastal and interior regions. > The richest 20% of the population account for 50% of consumption, while the poorest 20% do not even reach 5%. (nsq 2 lf/ D  l     Environment China's growth - with its increasing energy demands - has had a dramatic impact on the environment. The World Bank says 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in China, which is also blamed for some of the air pollution in Japan and Korea. China is the world's second biggest individual emitter of energy-related CO2 - but as a developing nation, it is not required by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce its emissions. Water concerns are also growing. Rivers in the north are drying up, a situation blamed in part on the overuse of river water and the preponderance of dams. Urbanisation, on the other hand, has exacerbated flooding in certain areas by reducing drainage. ,eBdC     Social Change   - Chinese society has undergone a transformation in recent years. - More and more people are moving to the cities, giving up their traditional lifestyles. - In many cities > lots of skyscrapers, lots of smart new shopping centres > lots of mobile phones & computers > 90 million internet users (four times more than in 2000) - But the modernisation of China also highlights a country of marked contrasts > millions left on the margins of the new prosperity. ,   IndiaArea: more than 3.1m sq km  one of the world's biggest countries. India is South Asia's largest country It is also one of the most diverse. Apart from Hindi and English > 16 official languages. Major religions include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ruled by the British from the early 19th Century until 1947. It won its independence at the same time as partition and the creation of Pakistan. The two countries have since fought three wars - two of which were over the territory of Kashmir. Now in a process of rapid economic development > but has complex and enduring internal problems (e.g., the caste system). Challenges: massive overpopulation, poverty, environmental problems, corruption. ZZ  ) G The Economy India has become a world economic power > growth over the past three years averaging 8% (similar to China) > in terms of purchasing power parity > India now the world's fourth largest economy India opened up to the outside world in the late 1980s > has become increasingly attractive to foreign investors. Why? low costs & huge, English-speaking, workforce (popular with multinationals - manufacturing and call centres Success of hi-tech industries > large numbers of overseas Indians returning > "brain gain > they are part of growing middle class (potentially very big domestic market!) Critics > benefits of this growth have not reached the poor quickly enough > millions still in abject poverty. Income per head is just US$720 (365) a year. Bureaucratic red tape and infrastructure problems are continuing issues. ~ ZZZzZ   Population [India > expected to overtake China to become the world's most populous country within the next 25 years Its population has grown from 357 million in 1950, to 1.1 billion today. By 2030 it is expected to be home to 1.6 billion people, compared with China's 1.4 billion Why? High birth rate & increasing life expectancy In 2000 > a minority of the population was over 60 > but by 2050 there will be lots of retired people > this raises questions about how they will be supported > less than 10% have pensions More than 65% of people live in rural areas, but migration to the cities is accelerating fh4 Z\ Living Standards8 rDespite its burgeoning economy, the gap between rich and poor in India is vast 35% of people > live on less than US$1 a day. Poverty is at its worst in rural areas > often accompanied illiteracy & poor health Almost half of children suffer from malnourishment Despite such problems > overall poverty decline - a shift which has been accompanied by more general improvements to living standards Life expectancy rose from 59 to 63 between 1990 and 2004. Adult literacy rose from 50% to 61% over the same period. It is suggested that continued economic growth will drive up living standards for the population as a whole ZZZZ$m k WEALTH DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA'jWhat will be the impact of China and India s growth? 66  What does India and China s growth mean for them? China is set to become the world s biggest economy by 2026 according to a poll conducted on behalf of the BBC. And India is poised (positionn) to take over 4th place behind the US and Japan. India s infrastructure and scarcity of resources were seen as putting it at a disadvantage to China. - What will the future hold for China and India? - Is China becoming too powerful? - Or do you welcome its growth? - What impact will China and India s economic growth have on the world stage? - How can both countries close the gap between the haves and the have nots? tZZ3C   " $:   * Information adapted from the BBC website"+)r}/